Class 8 Social Science Part 1 Chapter 3 – The Rise of the Marathas from the new NCERT textbook Exploring Society: India and Beyond. Get easy Notes and complete Book Solutions with important concepts, questions and answers, and revision material for effective learning, practice and exam preparation.
Class 8 Social Science
Exploring Society: India and Beyond – Grade 8 Part 1
Chapter 3 – The Rise of the Marathas
Colourful Concept Notes • NCERT/Book Questions • Easy Solutions
🌟 Chapter at a Glance
The Marathas were a people native to the Deccan Plateau, especially the region of present-day Maharashtra. During the 17th and 18th centuries, they developed into a major political power in India.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj played the central role in bringing many Maratha groups together and establishing a sovereign kingdom based on the idea of Swarājya.
The Marathas became powerful through a combination of forts, knowledge of the terrain, guerrilla warfare, cavalry, a navy, administration, trade networks and political organisation.
After Shivaji Maharaj, the Maratha state gradually changed from a more centralised kingdom into a more decentralised political structure in which the Peshwas and regional chiefs became increasingly powerful.
Big Question 1:
Who were the Marathas? How did they manage to become the largest
pan-Indian power before the British took over?
Big Question 2:
What were some features of their governance?
Big Question 3:
What impact did the Maratha Empire leave in Indian history?
🟣 1. Who Were the Marathas?
Easy Concept:
The Marathas were a group of people native to the Deccan Plateau,
particularly present-day Maharashtra. Marathi was their major language.
Their political rise changed the course of Indian history.
Important Background
- In the 13th century, much of Maharashtra was ruled by the Yadava dynasty.
- Devagiri, present-day Daulatabad, was the capital.
- In the 14th century, the Yadava dynasty was overcome by the Khilji Sultanate.
- Bhakti traditions continued despite political changes.
- Saints such as Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Tukaram and Ramdas helped create a strong cultural foundation.
🌸 Bhakti Tradition
Bhakti means devotion to the divine or to a particular deity. Bhakti saints used songs and poetry in languages understood by ordinary people. Their teachings travelled widely.
Dnyaneshwar
A famous saint associated with the Marathi bhakti tradition.
A famous saint associated with the Marathi bhakti tradition.
Namdev
A prominent devotional saint whose teachings spread among people.
A prominent devotional saint whose teachings spread among people.
Tukaram
A famous Marathi bhakti poet and saint.
A famous Marathi bhakti poet and saint.
Ramdas
A respected saint whose teachings influenced society in Maharashtra.
A respected saint whose teachings influenced society in Maharashtra.
🔎 LET’S EXPLORE
Have you ever heard the term ‘bhakti’? What does it mean to you?
Choose a bhakti saint from any part of India and learn about their life,
their teachings, and the message they shared. You can also find one of
their poems or bhajans and share it with your classmates.
Model Response:
Bhakti means loving devotion towards the divine. One can choose Sant Tukaram. He was a Marathi saint and poet who expressed devotion through devotional poetry and songs. His teachings encouraged devotion and spiritual values. A student can select one of his abhangas and present its meaning to the class.
Bhakti means loving devotion towards the divine. One can choose Sant Tukaram. He was a Marathi saint and poet who expressed devotion through devotional poetry and songs. His teachings encouraged devotion and spiritual values. A student can select one of his abhangas and present its meaning to the class.
📅 Maratha Timeline – Quick Revision
1630
Birth of Chhatrapati Shivaji
Birth of Chhatrapati Shivaji
1646
Beginning of Chhatrapati Shivaji’s rule
Beginning of Chhatrapati Shivaji’s rule
1657
Founding of the Maratha navy
Founding of the Maratha navy
1666
Imprisonment at and escape from Agra
Imprisonment at and escape from Agra
1674
Coronation at Raigad
Coronation at Raigad
1677
Dakṣiṇa digvijaya
Dakṣiṇa digvijaya
1680
Death of Chhatrapati Shivaji
Death of Chhatrapati Shivaji
1682–1707
Mughal-Maratha wars
Mughal-Maratha wars
1754
Beginning of Maratha control over Delhi
Beginning of Maratha control over Delhi
1761
Battle of Panipat
Battle of Panipat
1775–1782
First Anglo-Maratha War
First Anglo-Maratha War
1818
Third Anglo-Maratha War and end of Maratha power
Third Anglo-Maratha War and end of Maratha power
🟠 2. Foundation of Maratha Power and Rise of Chhatrapati Shivaji
Key Idea:
Chhatrapati Shivaji was born in 1630 in the Bhonsle clan to Shahji and
Jijabai. He grew up in Pune and developed the vision of Swarājya.
- At the age of 16, Shivaji began military campaigns.
- He first strengthened his position around Pune.
- He captured neglected or unoccupied forts.
- He improved their defences.
- His kingdom expanded towards the western coast.
- He created a navy to protect coastal interests.
What is Swarājya?
Swarājya means self-rule or a sovereign kingdom. For Shivaji, it included political, economic and cultural dimensions.
⚔️ Guerrilla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare uses small groups that depend on speed, surprise, local knowledge and the terrain to challenge larger armies.
Remember:
Forts + knowledge of terrain + speed + surprise were important parts
of Maratha military strategy.
💭 THINK ABOUT IT
If you could time-travel and meet Chhatrapati Shivaji, what three
questions would you ask him and why?
Sample Answer:
1. Why did you give so much importance to forts? — To understand their strategic value.
2. Why did you create a navy? — To understand the importance of protecting the coastline.
3. What inspired your idea of Swarājya? — To understand the political vision behind the Maratha kingdom.
1. Why did you give so much importance to forts? — To understand their strategic value.
2. Why did you create a navy? — To understand the importance of protecting the coastline.
3. What inspired your idea of Swarājya? — To understand the political vision behind the Maratha kingdom.
🌊 3. The Maratha Navy
Easy Concept:
As Shivaji’s kingdom reached the western coast, he realised that the
coast and sea routes needed protection. He therefore established a
navy.
- The Maratha Navy protected the western coast.
- Sea forts strengthened coastal defence.
- Sindhudurg was one of the important naval fortifications.
- Maratha naval power later became associated with Kanhoji Angre.
🔎 LET’S EXPLORE
Try to find out more about guerrilla warfare. Which other countries in
the world adopted this method? What geographical advantages did they
utilise for this? Discuss your findings in groups.
Model Response:
Guerrilla warfare has been used in different parts of the world. It is especially useful where fighters know mountains, forests, jungles or other difficult terrain well. Such terrain can help smaller forces move quickly, hide, surprise larger armies and avoid direct large-scale battles.
Guerrilla warfare has been used in different parts of the world. It is especially useful where fighters know mountains, forests, jungles or other difficult terrain well. Such terrain can help smaller forces move quickly, hide, surprise larger armies and avoid direct large-scale battles.
🟡 4. Important Events in Shivaji’s Career
Surat:
Chhatrapati Shivaji attacked the wealthy Mughal port city of Surat.
The chapter states that he obtained a very large amount of treasure.
It also records that religious places were not attacked and that the
house of charitable man Mohandas Parekh was spared.
Treaty of Purandar:
After Mughal pressure under Jai Singh, Shivaji had to give up a
sizeable part of his kingdom and Sambhaji entered Mughal service.
Escape from Agra:
Shivaji was placed under house arrest after leaving Aurangzeb’s court.
He and Sambhaji escaped by hiding in baskets used for carrying gifts.
Coronation:
In 1674, Shivaji was coronated at Raigad with full Vedic rites.
Dakṣiṇa digvijaya:
After his coronation, Shivaji undertook a conquest of the South.
This later gave the Marathas strategic depth against Mughal invasion.
🎭 LET’S EXPLORE
Pick an event from Chhatrapati Shivaji’s life and, with your
classmates, stage it as a play.
Suggested Activity:
Students may stage Shivaji’s escape from Agra, the defence of Pratapgad, his coronation at Raigad or another event from the chapter. The play can include characters, dialogue, costumes and a short narrator’s introduction.
Students may stage Shivaji’s escape from Agra, the defence of Pratapgad, his coronation at Raigad or another event from the chapter. The play can include characters, dialogue, costumes and a short narrator’s introduction.
🔵 5. The Marathas After Chhatrapati Shivaji
After Shivaji’s death in 1680, Sambhaji became Chhatrapati. The Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb invaded the Deccan. Sambhaji was captured and
executed, and Raigad was captured.
- Rajaram became Chhatrapati and moved to Gingee.
- The conflict between Mughals and Marathas spread into south India.
- Maratha forts remained important centres of resistance.
- Tarabai organised Maratha forces after Rajaram’s death.
- The Marathas later expanded into Mughal territories.
Rise of the Peshwas
The Maratha state gradually changed from Shivaji’s centralised model to a more decentralised structure.
Peshwa
A Persian term meaning prime minister. Peshwas became highly powerful in the later Maratha state.
A Persian term meaning prime minister. Peshwas became highly powerful in the later Maratha state.
Bajirao I
A major Peshwa associated with the expansion of Maratha power.
A major Peshwa associated with the expansion of Maratha power.
Nanasaheb Peshwa
Son of Bajirao I and an important figure in Maratha expansion.
Son of Bajirao I and an important figure in Maratha expansion.
Mahadji Shinde
A powerful Maratha leader who helped restore Maratha control over Delhi.
A powerful Maratha leader who helped restore Maratha control over Delhi.
🗺️ 6. Pan-Indian Expansion
The Marathas expanded northwards and controlled large parts of central
and northern India. Their influence reached Lahore, Attock and
Peshawar for a period.
- The Marathas suffered defeat at the Battle of Panipat in 1761.
- They recovered during the time of Peshwa Madhavrao I.
- Mahadji Shinde helped the Marathas recapture Delhi in 1771.
- Delhi remained under Maratha control until the British captured it.
- The Marathas became major rivals of the British in the late 18th century.
Important:
The chapter describes three Anglo-Maratha Wars between 1775 and 1818.
The third war ended Maratha political power.
🟢 7. Maratha Administration
Civilian Administration
- Shivaji established a relatively centralised administration.
- Hereditary government posts were abolished.
- Government officials were paid salaries from the state treasury.
- Officials could be transferred periodically.
- Pensions were given to widows of soldiers who died in battle.
- Military posts could also be offered to their sons.
Ashta Pradhana Mandala
Shivaji had an aṣhṭa pradhāna manḍala, or council of eight ministers, to help administer the kingdom.
| Office | Main Role |
|---|---|
| Pradhān | Prime Minister |
| Amātya | Finance Minister |
| Mantrī | Intelligence Minister |
| Sachiv | Land Revenue Minister |
| Senāpatī | Commander-in-chief |
| Sumant | Foreign Affairs |
| Nyāyādhīsh | Chief Justice |
| Panḍitrāo | Head of Religious Affairs |
💭 THINK ABOUT IT
Based on Chhatrapati Shivaji’s letter, what can you tell about his
values as a ruler?
Easy Answer:
The letter shows that Shivaji valued the welfare of his people. He instructed officials not to oppress people or destroy useful trees without permission. He understood that trees such as mango and jackfruit took many years to grow and were cared for by families. The letter shows concern for people, nature and responsible administration.
The letter shows that Shivaji valued the welfare of his people. He instructed officials not to oppress people or destroy useful trees without permission. He understood that trees such as mango and jackfruit took many years to grow and were cared for by families. The letter shows concern for people, nature and responsible administration.
💰 8. Maratha Revenue System
Chauth: A tax of 25 per cent collected from provinces
that were not directly under Maratha administration.
Sardeshmukhi: An additional 10 per cent collected along
with chauth.
In return, the Marathas provided protection and generally did not interfere in the internal administration of those provinces.
⚔️ 9. Maratha Military Administration
Infantry
Soldiers who fought mainly on foot.
Soldiers who fought mainly on foot.
Cavalry
Horse-mounted soldiers.
Horse-mounted soldiers.
Navy
A force created to protect the western coast.
A force created to protect the western coast.
Bārgīrs
Cavalry soldiers whose horses and equipment were paid for by the state.
Cavalry soldiers whose horses and equipment were paid for by the state.
Shiledārs
Cavalry soldiers who provided their own horses and equipment.
Cavalry soldiers who provided their own horses and equipment.
Forts
Strategic centres used for defence, routes and shelter.
Strategic centres used for defence, routes and shelter.
Weapons
Marathas used swords and lances, guns and rockets. Later they also tried to develop European-style disciplined troops and artillery.
🏰 10. Forts – The Core of the Maratha State
The chapter describes forts as the core of the Maratha
state. Forts helped control important routes, defend
territories and shelter armies during warfare.
- Forts were built in strategically useful locations.
- Hill forts provided natural protection.
- Coastal forts helped protect the sea.
- Forts supported guerrilla warfare.
- They helped the Marathas survive long conflicts with larger armies.
🌊 11. Maritime Supremacy
Kanhoji Angre was an important Maratha naval leader.
He used geography and naval tactics effectively against European
forces, even though Maratha ships were not always as technologically
advanced as European ships.
European powers used naval passes called cartaz. Ships without such passes could be confiscated. The Marathas challenged this practice and demanded passes from Europeans as well.
⚖️ 12. Judicial System
- The Marathas had an organised judicial system.
- The panchāyat was a local gathering that helped deliver justice.
- An appeal could be made to a Maratha chief.
- Kotwāls helped maintain law and order in important towns.
🚢 13. Trade Networks
Shivaji encouraged trade, including maritime foreign trade.
Maratha ships travelled to ports such as Mocha, Muscat and Malacca.
- Ships carried goods such as gold and textiles.
- Roads were constructed and maintained.
- Ferries supported river transport.
- Bridges were built across rivers and streams.
📚 14. Cultural Revival
The Marathas contributed to the revival and development of regional
languages, literature, traditional arts and cultural institutions.
- Shivaji’s seal carried a Sanskrit inscription.
- Rājya-Vyavahāra-Koṣha promoted Marathi terminology.
- Sanskrit and Marathi literature received support.
- Traditional arts and religious institutions were supported.
- The Maratha flag became an important symbol.
👑 15. The Mighty Maratha Women
Tarabai
She led Maratha forces after the death of her husband Rajaram and played an important role in resisting Mughal power.
She led Maratha forces after the death of her husband Rajaram and played an important role in resisting Mughal power.
Ahilyabai Holkar
She governed her state for about thirty years and is remembered for administration, public works and support for temples, roads, wells and other facilities.
She governed her state for about thirty years and is remembered for administration, public works and support for temples, roads, wells and other facilities.
🎨 16. Marathas in Thanjavur
Ekoji, the half-brother of Shivaji, established Maratha rule in
Thanjavur in the late 17th century. Thanjavur developed a rich
multilingual cultural environment involving Tamil, Telugu and Marathi
influences.
Serfoji II supported music, literature, medicine and printing. The chapter also connects his period with developments in Carnatic music and the early stages of Bharatanatyam.
🔎 LET’S EXPLORE
Have you heard of the dance form ‘Bharatnatyam’? Did you know that
this dance form has a deep connection with the Marathas? Can you find
out what this connection was?
Model Answer:
The chapter explains that during the rule of Serfoji II in Thanjavur, the cultural environment supported music and the early stages of the classical dance tradition of Bharatanatyam. Students can research Thanjavur’s Maratha patronage and present the connection in class.
The chapter explains that during the rule of Serfoji II in Thanjavur, the cultural environment supported music and the early stages of the classical dance tradition of Bharatanatyam. Students can research Thanjavur’s Maratha patronage and present the connection in class.
🌟 17. The Maratha Legacy
The Marathas challenged Mughal dominance and established a very large Indian empire before British rule. Their administration, military organisation, forts, navy, trade networks and cultural activities left a lasting impact.
Swarājya:
The idea of self-rule became an important part of Maratha political
thinking and later contributed to ideas of self-government.
📌 Before We Move On – Quick Revision
1.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj founded the Maratha kingdom in the 17th century.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj founded the Maratha kingdom in the 17th century.
2.
The Marathas expanded across large parts of India during the 18th century.
The Marathas expanded across large parts of India during the 18th century.
3.
Forts were central to Maratha defence and state formation.
Forts were central to Maratha defence and state formation.
4.
The Maratha navy challenged European naval power on the western coast.
The Maratha navy challenged European naval power on the western coast.
5.
The Marathas contributed to cultural revival and innovation in different regions.
The Marathas contributed to cultural revival and innovation in different regions.
📘 Questions and Activities – Book Solutions
Note: The questions below are reproduced in the same wording as supplied from the chapter. Solutions are short, easy and student-friendly.
1. Analyse how geography (particularly mountains and coastlines) guided Maratha military strategy and state formation.
Easy Solution:
The mountains provided natural protection and helped the Marathas use guerrilla warfare. Hill forts helped control important routes and shelter soldiers. The long western coastline encouraged the Marathas to build a navy and coastal forts. Thus, mountains and the sea strongly influenced Maratha defence and state formation.
The mountains provided natural protection and helped the Marathas use guerrilla warfare. Hill forts helped control important routes and shelter soldiers. The long western coastline encouraged the Marathas to build a navy and coastal forts. Thus, mountains and the sea strongly influenced Maratha defence and state formation.
2. Imagine you are creating a short biography of a Maratha leader for younger students. Choose one personality (Kanhoji Angre, Bajirao I, Mahadji Shinde, Ahilyabai Holkar or Tarabai) and write 3–4 paragraphs highlighting what makes them inspirational. Include at least one challenge they overcame.
Sample Answer – Ahilyabai Holkar:
Ahilyabai Holkar was an important Maratha ruler of the Holkar dynasty. She governed her state wisely and cared about the welfare of ordinary people.
She faced great personal difficulties after losing her husband and son. Even in these difficult circumstances, she continued to govern for many years.
She supported the construction and restoration of temples, ghats, wells and roads. She also encouraged the Maheshwar weaving industry. Her life shows courage, responsibility and dedication to public welfare.
Ahilyabai Holkar was an important Maratha ruler of the Holkar dynasty. She governed her state wisely and cared about the welfare of ordinary people.
She faced great personal difficulties after losing her husband and son. Even in these difficult circumstances, she continued to govern for many years.
She supported the construction and restoration of temples, ghats, wells and roads. She also encouraged the Maheshwar weaving industry. Her life shows courage, responsibility and dedication to public welfare.
3. If you could visit one Maratha fort today (such as Raigad, Sindhudurg, Gingee, or Pratapgad), which would you choose and why? Research its history, architecture, and strategic importance. Present your findings as a digital presentation or a poster in class.
Sample Answer:
I would choose Raigad Fort because it was an important centre of the Maratha state and is associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s coronation. Its hilltop location provided strong natural defence. For a presentation, I would include its history, gates, walls, palace remains, strategic location and importance in Maratha history.
I would choose Raigad Fort because it was an important centre of the Maratha state and is associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s coronation. Its hilltop location provided strong natural defence. For a presentation, I would include its history, gates, walls, palace remains, strategic location and importance in Maratha history.
4. The chapter states, “The British took India from the Marathas more than from the Mughals or any other power.” What do you think this means? What evidence from the chapter supports this idea?
Easy Solution:
It means that the Marathas were a major political power when British power was expanding in India. The chapter says that the Marathas were the chief rivals of the British in the latter half of the 18th century. Three Anglo-Maratha Wars were fought between 1775 and 1818. The chapter connects the end of Maratha power with the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
It means that the Marathas were a major political power when British power was expanding in India. The chapter says that the Marathas were the chief rivals of the British in the latter half of the 18th century. Three Anglo-Maratha Wars were fought between 1775 and 1818. The chapter connects the end of Maratha power with the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
5. Compare how Chhatrapati Shivaji and later Marathas treated religious places and people of different faiths. What evidence from the chapter shows their approach to religious diversity?
Easy Solution:
The chapter gives examples of Shivaji respecting religious places and people of different faiths. During the sack of Surat, religious places were spared and the house of Mohandas Parekh was not attacked. The chapter also describes the Maratha legacy as supporting local traditions without religious discrimination. These examples show an approach that included respect for religious diversity.
The chapter gives examples of Shivaji respecting religious places and people of different faiths. During the sack of Surat, religious places were spared and the house of Mohandas Parekh was not attacked. The chapter also describes the Maratha legacy as supporting local traditions without religious discrimination. These examples show an approach that included respect for religious diversity.
6. The chapter describes how forts were ‘the core of the state’ for Marathas. Why were they so important? How did they help the Marathas survive against larger enemies?
Easy Solution:
Forts protected soldiers and important routes. Hill forts used natural terrain for defence, while coastal forts helped protect the coastline. Forts also provided safe places for the army during guerrilla warfare. Because of their large number of forts, the Marathas could continue resisting larger armies for long periods.
Forts protected soldiers and important routes. Hill forts used natural terrain for defence, while coastal forts helped protect the coastline. Forts also provided safe places for the army during guerrilla warfare. Because of their large number of forts, the Marathas could continue resisting larger armies for long periods.
7. You have been appointed as the chief designer for Maratha coins. Design a coin that represents Maratha achievements and values. Explain the symbols you chose.
Sample Design:
I would place a fort on one side to represent Maratha defence and state-building. I would add a ship to represent the Maratha navy and maritime trade. A Devanagari inscription would represent cultural identity and Marathi traditions. A symbol of Swarājya would represent self-rule.
I would place a fort on one side to represent Maratha defence and state-building. I would add a ship to represent the Maratha navy and maritime trade. A Devanagari inscription would represent cultural identity and Marathi traditions. A symbol of Swarājya would represent self-rule.
8. After this introduction to the Maratha period, what do you think was their most important contribution to Indian history? Write a paragraph supporting your opinion with examples from the chapter. Then share and discuss your ideas with classmates.
Model Answer:
In my opinion, an important contribution of the Marathas was their development of a strong system of self-rule and administration. Chhatrapati Shivaji established an organised administration, developed forts and created a navy. The Marathas later expanded over large parts of India. They also supported languages, literature, arts and traditional culture. These achievements made their contribution significant in Indian history.
In my opinion, an important contribution of the Marathas was their development of a strong system of self-rule and administration. Chhatrapati Shivaji established an organised administration, developed forts and created a navy. The Marathas later expanded over large parts of India. They also supported languages, literature, arts and traditional culture. These achievements made their contribution significant in Indian history.
🧠 Big Questions – Chapter Review
1. Who were the Marathas? How did they manage to become the largest
pan-Indian power before the British took over?
Easy Solution:
The Marathas were people native to the Deccan, especially present-day Maharashtra. Under Shivaji and later Maratha leaders, they built a strong military and administrative system. Forts, guerrilla warfare, cavalry, navy, political organisation and strategic expansion helped them become a major pan-Indian power.
The Marathas were people native to the Deccan, especially present-day Maharashtra. Under Shivaji and later Maratha leaders, they built a strong military and administrative system. Forts, guerrilla warfare, cavalry, navy, political organisation and strategic expansion helped them become a major pan-Indian power.
2. What were some features of their governance?
Easy Solution:
Shivaji developed a relatively centralised administration, appointed officials, paid them from the state treasury and created the aṣhṭa pradhāna manḍala. The Marathas also had revenue arrangements, a judicial system, military organisation and systems for maintaining roads and trade.
Shivaji developed a relatively centralised administration, appointed officials, paid them from the state treasury and created the aṣhṭa pradhāna manḍala. The Marathas also had revenue arrangements, a judicial system, military organisation and systems for maintaining roads and trade.
3. What impact did the Maratha Empire leave in Indian history?
Easy Solution:
The Marathas challenged Mughal dominance, controlled large parts of India and became a major rival of the British. They developed administrative and military systems and contributed to literature, language, art, trade and cultural development.
The Marathas challenged Mughal dominance, controlled large parts of India and became a major rival of the British. They developed administrative and military systems and contributed to literature, language, art, trade and cultural development.
📝 Chapter Keywords
Marathas
People native to the Deccan, particularly Maharashtra, who developed a major political power.
People native to the Deccan, particularly Maharashtra, who developed a major political power.
Swarājya
The idea of self-rule or sovereign government.
The idea of self-rule or sovereign government.
Jāgīr
Land given by a ruler to a person, usually for service.
Land given by a ruler to a person, usually for service.
Guerrilla Warfare
A method using speed, surprise, small groups and knowledge of terrain.
A method using speed, surprise, small groups and knowledge of terrain.
Peshwa
Prime minister; later Peshwas became very powerful in the Maratha state.
Prime minister; later Peshwas became very powerful in the Maratha state.
Chauth
A tax of 25 per cent mentioned in the chapter.
A tax of 25 per cent mentioned in the chapter.
Sardeshmukhi
An additional 10 per cent collected along with chauth.
An additional 10 per cent collected along with chauth.
Bārgīr
A cavalry soldier whose horse and equipment were paid for by the state.
A cavalry soldier whose horse and equipment were paid for by the state.
Shiledār
A cavalry soldier who provided his own horse and equipment.
A cavalry soldier who provided his own horse and equipment.
Cartaz
A naval trade pass used by European powers.
A naval trade pass used by European powers.
Ashta Pradhana Mandala
Council of eight ministers assisting Shivaji in administration.
Council of eight ministers assisting Shivaji in administration.
Moḍī Script
A cursive form of Devanagari used for Maratha correspondence.
A cursive form of Devanagari used for Maratha correspondence.
⭐ One-Minute Revision
- Marathas originated mainly in the Deccan region.
- Marathi was an important language of the region.
- Bhakti traditions helped create a strong cultural foundation.
- Shivaji was born in 1630.
- Shivaji developed the idea of Swarājya.
- Forts were central to Maratha military strategy.
- Guerrilla warfare helped smaller forces challenge larger armies.
- The Marathas developed a navy to protect the western coast.
- Shivaji was coronated at Raigad in 1674.
- After Shivaji, the Marathas continued resistance against the Mughals.
- Tarabai played an important role in Maratha resistance.
- Peshwas became increasingly powerful.
- Bajirao I and Nanasaheb Peshwa were important in expansion.
- Mahadji Shinde helped the Marathas regain Delhi in 1771.
- The Marathas fought three Anglo-Maratha Wars.
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War ended Maratha political power.
- The Marathas contributed to administration, trade, military organisation and culture.
Prepare more, practise more and learn better! This worksheet is designed to help Class 8 students revise chapter 3 and Their Use through important questions and practice exercises based on the NCERT chapter. Solve the questions carefully, check your understanding and strengthen your preparation for class tests and examinations.
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